Causes of Disc Herniation

The most common cause of disc herniation is the degenerative process. As we age, the disc is less hydrated, and it weakens. This process makes the disc more susceptible to herniation. 

The second most common cause of disc herniation is trauma. The most common injuries are bending, twisting, and lifting events. It is also possible to herniate from traumas related to sports injuries or car accidents. In these cases, the herniation occurs as a result of overloading of pressure on the disc. 

A recent study found that static overloading, like prolonged sitting and sedentary lifestyles, may be the mechanism in younger people without significant degeneration in their discs. The prolonged postures, especially slouched postures, lead to a shearing type of pressure that weakens the disc, making it more susceptible to herniation. 

Risk factors that can increase your risk of a herniated disc include:

Smoking. It’s thought that smoking lessens the oxygen supply to the disc, causing it to break down more quickly.

Weight. Excess body weight causes extra stress on the discs in your lower back.

Occupation. People with physically demanding jobs that require repetitive lifting, bending, and twisting also can increase your risk of a herniated disc.

Sedentary lifestyles. Prolonged sitting postures, whether in an office or vehicle, have a greater risk of back problems. 

Genetics. Some people inherit a predisposition to developing a herniated disc.

Treatment for Herniated Discs

If you suspect that you may have a herniated disc, contact a physical therapist right away. Attempting to engage in therapy at home could lead to further injury. It is best to have an experienced therapist assess your injury before attempting any treatment options.

Your physical therapist will perform a thorough physical examination and provide you with solutions that work based on the findings. A combination of passive and active techniques is typically employed, including:

Education — Understanding the source of your pain and managing it can help you be proactive and find a solution. 

Advice to stay active — It is crucial to stay active. Your physical therapist can help you identify modifications to painful tasks and help you be safe and active.

Therapeutic interventions — A physical therapist will tailor your exercises, monitor you, and progress you based on your individual needs. Supervised exercise therapy includes:

• Range of motion exercises

• Proper stretching exercises

• Strength exercises

• Manual therapy techniques for pain relief and improved mobility

• Electrical stimulation for pain relief